Ingrid's Day 12 Sr. Project
Ingrid Wu's Day 12 Blog
May 22 2023
Research
Energy Penalty improvements
Scaling up to field scale is necessary as it makes the single process carbon capture go beyond the lab environment and capture the carbon in the wild. Besides the improved CCS efficiency based on the breakthrough in the single process precipitation, cost, and energy penalties are also reduced in the application (Gadikota, 2021).
Energy penalty is an important factor in considering the usefulness of single process amine-scrubbing as the needed energy penalty is 48.6% for traditional ways of liquifying CO2 for a 100% capture rate calculated with Eqs. 5. However, the direct precipitation reduced the needed energy to run the CCS by 22%, which means to reduce the energy penalty for liquified CO2 to 26.6% from previous 48.6%. The single-process CCS testing shows energy savings of 2-7% for MEA and DEA, suggesting the tested amine system is more effective and durable (Page, 2008) (Kang, 2018).
2.3.2. Cost improvements
In the following figure, the costs of electricity (COE) for pulverized coal plants (PC) and integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power generations are illustrated. PC plants use the coal to mix with air burning in the furnace to produce heat for regeneration, also known as the post-combustion process, while IGCC plant refers to heat coal with steam and oxygen at high temperature and pressure naming gasification in order to remove carbon from the fuel prior to combustion—known as pre-combustion processes (Harinandan Kumar & Ravikumar, 2010) (Kang, 2018). The comparison of costs needed with and without advanced CCS research and development (R&D) is shown. It is clear that for both the IGCC and PC plants, the COE for CCS with improvements is much lower than for CCS with no improvement at all. The cost can be seen dropping from around 155 $/MWh to 95 $/MWh in IGCC developments and dropping from around 155 $/MWh to 110 $/MWh in PC technologies. Although the reduction rates are not competitive compared to COE with no CCS in PC plants, the overall 31% and 27% COE reduction rates with and without R&D are significant (Rubin et al., 2012). (1MWh=1000kWh)
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